内蒙古拜仁达坝石炭纪岩体年代学、地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素特征及其对中亚造山带的制约

为探讨内蒙古拜仁达坝岩体岩浆来源与构造环境,进而限制古亚洲洋闭合时间,锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究结果表明,岩体由花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩组成,岩石侵位年龄为327±2 Ma(MSWD=1.4).岩体具有偏铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性特征,富集Rb、Th、U、K,亏损Ba、Sr、P及Nb、Ta、...     

基于多项式拟合的十字丝亚像素边缘定位研究

对多项式最小二乘法拟合十字丝亚像素边缘位置的相关问题进行了研究,并提出了拟合点提取和筛选策略。实验结果表明,在该策略的支持下,三次多项式拟合误差更小。     

黑龙江佳木斯地块典型石墨矿床含矿岩石地球化学特征及成矿时代

佳木斯地块位于东北亚早前寒武纪陆块,区内变质岩系发育,是重要的晶质石墨富集地带。文章通过对佳木斯地块典型的萝北云山和鸡西柳毛石墨矿床含矿岩石进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定,结果表明:变质锆石和碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为(1855±5)~(1979±13)Ma和(476±9)~(575±12)Ma。通过地球化学特征分析,萝北云山石墨矿和鸡西柳毛石墨矿含矿岩石富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和Zr、Hf、Th、U、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,含矿岩石Rb/Sr平均值均高于陆壳值0.24,表明循环沉积作用较弱;Sr/Ba比值较低,表明岩浆来源于陆壳重熔,显示以陆源物质为主;V/Cr平均值为4.58,V/(Ni+V)平均值为0.90,显示弱还原环境;两处典型矿床轻稀土元素含量均高于重稀土元素,萝北云山矿床负Eu异常明显,显示陆棚浅海沉积特征,鸡西柳毛矿床正Ce异常明显,显示海源物质为主的浅海沉积特征。研究区混合花岗岩脉的稀土元素配分曲线具有正Eu异常,显示出外来岩浆热液交代岩石特征。因此,佳木斯地块典型石墨矿床含矿岩石在古元古代晚期经受区域性高温高压变质作用,后经过早古生代强烈的泛亚构造作用,在构造岩浆侵入背景下进一步增生形成巨晶鳞片状石墨。     

Downhole Microseismic Source Location Based on a Multi-Dimensional DIRECT Algorithm for Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoir Exploration

Downhole microseismic data has the significant advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio and well-developed P and S waves and the core component of microseismic monitoring is microseismic event location associated with hydraulic fracturing in a relatively high confidence level and accuracy. In this study, we present a multidimensional DIRECT inversion method for microseismic locations and applicability tests over modeling data based on a downhole microseismic monitoring system. Synthetic tests inidcate that the objective function of locations can be defined as a multi-dimensional matrix space by employing the global optimization DIRECT algorithm, because it can be run without the initial value and objective function derivation, and the discretely scattered objective points lead to an expeditious contraction of objective functions in each dimension. This study shows that the DIRECT algorithm can be extensively applied in real downhole microseismic monitoring data from hydraulic fracturing completions. Therefore, the methodology, based on a multidimensional DIRECT algorithm, can provide significant high accuracy and convergent efficiency as well as robust computation for interpretable spatiotemporal microseismic evolution, which is more suitable for real-time processing of a large amount of downhole microseismic monitoring data.     

Physical model test of transparent soil on coupling effect of cut-off wall and pumping wells during foundation pit dewatering

Water level is decreased during foundation pit excavation to avoid water inrush under confined water pressure. Cut-off wall is often used as waterproof curtain to partially cut off the dewatered aquifer. When a foundation pit is located in a built-up area and the underlying confined aquifer is not cut off, the drawdown must be minimized outside the pit to avoid land subsidence in buildings and pipelines. The coupling effect of the cut-off wall and pumping well is used to control the drawdown outside the foundation pit. However, the coupling mechanism is not intuitively well understood because of the limitations of existing experimental methods. In this study, transparent soil was introduced to model the coupling mechanism in the physical model test. High-purity fused silica and mixed paraffin oil were used as skeleton and fluid to simulate the confined aquifer and groundwater. Industrial solid dye and paraffin oil were used as tracers. A camera was used to collect flow information. Tests were performed for the combinations of cut-off wall and partially penetrating pumping wells. The insertion depth ratio of the cut-off wall most effectively influenced the drawdown. The layout of the pumping wells in horizontal direction influenced water level distribution and flow rate. The optimal depth of the pumping wells was 1–5 m above the bottom of the cut-off wall, and the optimal horizontal distance between the cut-off wall and the pumping wells was 25% of the pit width. Non-Darcy flow was observed within the range of 0–10 m around the bottom of the cut-off wall. These results were significant in understanding the cut-off wall and pumping well coupling effect on foundation pit dewatering.

     

下扬子巢湖地区中二叠统孤峰组富有机质硅质岩有机地球化学特征

华南下扬子巢湖地区孤峰组黑色硅质岩中富含有机质，是中国油气和页岩气勘探的潜在源岩，研究孤峰组有机质富集规律对开展油气勘探工作具有重要意义。文章对巢湖平顶山地区中二叠统孤峰组硅质岩进行总有机碳含量（TOC）和饱和烃分子标志物特征分析，探讨其中有机质富集规律。结果表明孤峰组有机质热成熟度参数C29 ααα甾烷20S/(20S+20R)比值分布在0.37 至0.46 之间，C31升藿烷22S/(S+R)比值分布在0.53 至0.59 之间，热成熟度水平处于生油窗的早期。有机质正构烷烃主峰为C18，以短链烷烃为主，藿烷含量较高，甾烷以C27 ααα 20R 胆甾烷为主，有机质主要来自海洋浮游藻类和细菌。孤峰组有机质Pr/Ph 比值小于0.6，伽玛蜡烷指数平均值为0.2，说明古沉积水体为中等分层缺氧环境。孤峰组普遍富含有机质可能与炎热气候下古沉积水体长期分层和缺氧有关。随着气候在孤峰组沉积早期和晚期突然变冷，高强度的海洋洋流上涌提高了初级生产力水平，造成有机质更大规模的富集。     

华北陆块东南缘蚌埠地区侏罗纪花岗岩中多种类型白云母的识别及其地质意义

三叠纪华南俯冲陆壳已经延伸到华北克拉通东南缘的蚌埠地区, 而该地区的俯冲陆壳是否经历超高压变质仍存在诸多争议。对华北克拉通东南缘蚌埠地区的侏罗纪花岗岩——荆山岩体中的暗色残留体、主体花岗岩以及细晶岩脉中的白云母进行岩相学观察、电子探针和拉曼光谱分析,结果表明荆山残留体和主体花岗岩中白云母颗粒较大且相对于一般花岗岩中原生的、次生的白云母具有较高的Si、Fe+Mg原子数和较低的Al原子数。拉曼光谱分析结果显示残留体和主体花岗岩中大颗粒白云母也具有相似的铝原子桥氧键(Al,O(br))的拉曼位移(421 cm^-1),低于经历超高压的黄镇榴辉岩中多硅白云母的原子数和铝原子桥氧键的拉曼位移,而高于本研究中未经历超高压变质作用的奥地利Spail片岩中的白云母。残留体和花岗岩中大颗粒白云母的主量元素和拉曼位移特征指示其为变质成因的多硅白云母。因此,可以利用多硅白云母地质压力计来指示花岗岩形成的压力,并且确定荆山花岗岩发生部分熔融的压力为1.0~1.3 GPa。荆山花岗岩的源岩为华南深俯冲的陆壳碎片,华南板块俯冲到华北克拉通东南缘的深度为33~45 km,相当于华北克拉通中下地壳深度。     

阿尔金山索尔库里北盆地沉积与构造演化

索尔库里北盆地位于阿尔金山中段，盆地的形成和演化与阿尔金断裂的走滑作用密切相关。根据野外地质填图的结果，通过沉积相、沉积环境的研究，在盆地内部划分出早第四纪七个泉组砾岩层，并将盆地新生代的沉积划分为两大序列：下部为渐新世下干柴沟组、中新世上干柴沟组、油砂山组序列，沉积相从底部的冲积扇、洪积扇向上逐渐变化为断陷湖盆相，再变化为冲积扇、洪积扇相，为一个完整的断陷湖盆的发生—发展—消亡的序列；上部为早第四纪七个泉组序列，为冲积扇、洪积扇沉积。结合盆地沉积充填过程和构造变形分析，建立了盆地多阶段的构造演化模式，进而探讨了盆地的形成演化与新生代阿尔金断裂带走滑作用过程之间的动力学联系。     

Re-Os Dating of Sulfides from the Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit at Gacun, Southwestern China

Abstract. The Re-Os isotopic compositions of sulfide ores were analyzed for the Gacun, a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in southwestern China, to constrain the timing of mineralization. Sulfide ores from the deposit have a wide range of Re and Os concentrations, varying from 80.2 to 1543.2 ppb and from 0.307 to 8.83 ppb, respectively, and yielded a limited field of high ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os and high ¹⁸⁷Os/188Os ratios, ranging from 1452 to 3309 and from 5.77 to 13.24, respectively. All sulfide samples yielded an isochron with an age of 217±28 Ma and an initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratio of around 0.52±0.73. The Re-Os isochron age agrees with ages previously constrained by the other isotopic dating of the host rocks and fossil strata for the deposit. The rhythmic variation in ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os and ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os ratios within massive sulfide zone records a complicated process for ore-forming fluids episodically vented into the brine pool on the Mesozoic seafloor.     

似图形图像序列压缩编码方案的研究

针对远程炒股、远程教学和远程协同工作中的计算机屏幕共享问题，提出了一种对似图像序列进行无损压缩的编码方案。首先将似图形图像转化成索引图像，然后对索引图像序列进行帧间行程编码和自适应预测Huffman编码，最后再对码流进行LZ77编码。实验表明，该方案能够有效地压缩似图形图像序列，与一般的无损图像编码方案相比，明显地提高了图像的压缩效率，压缩比可达到80：1以上。